Oil & Gas Management International Energy Policies

Question: Critically discuss different policy measures that non OPEC member States can take to mitigate the impact of OPECs current trend as an international oil producer cartel? Answer: There was a quite hike in the prices of crude oil in 2013 and 2014 and this price was unusually stable. Brent is the benchmark for crude oil that had been traded internationally which lay between the ranges of $100-155 per barrel. The trend in the oil prices reveal that the stability in the oil prices do not linger for long and tends to be short lived but we can assume that the Brent prices of oil is rather normal. But recently from June 2014 there was a 40% decline in the oil prices. (Strategyand.pwc.com, 2015)This decline in the oil prices is benefiting countries like India but the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) have decided not to reduce their production to raise the oil prices. The situation escalated the problem of declining oil prices. The increased supply of oil has in some way saturated the global oil markets which have ultimately led to the decline in the prices. Ideally, the members countries should have cut down the supplies till the prices start risi ng. Once the oil prices stabilize, then the countries can slightly increase their oil production. In this regard OPEC plays an important role to play by keeping an eye and controlling the dishonest and rogue behavior of the member countries. Now Saudi Arabia had refused to cut down its oil production. Saudi Arabia was going through a phase of nervous politics in which the decision of maintaining the same level of production and increasing the production based on the market demand was out of fear and anxiety to lose its position and share in the global oil markets. (GLOBAL TRENDS IN OIL GAS MARKETS TO 2025, 2015) (THE MONTH IN BRIEF: Lower prices, more oil and some refineries find buyers, 2012) The relationship between the oil, energy and the stream of international politics is somewhat embroiled. We can say that the cynosure of the US is now Iran and Russia. US is trying to tarnish the image of both the nations by playing up with the oil prices. The decline in the oil prices would decrease the amount of foreign capital flow into Russia which will farther weaken the already injured economic situation of Russia. (The Economist, 2014)Russia would require reviewing its foreign policies and salvaging its status. Iran on the other hand had indicted Saudi Arabia for the downfall of the oil prices as it refused to cut down its oil production. This has led to the decrease in the oil revenue of Iran. It can be well anticipated that the US was using and forcing Saudi Arabia to be the reason behind the oil price fall so that Iran can be left with no other option but to sign a nuclear power deal with the US and thereby losing its nuclear capability. (Kent, 2015) China could be the next victim to the decline in the oil price. The decline in oil prices was proving to be benefit for some of the emerging industrialized countries say China. China had plans to incorporate shale gas in order to be self reliant and sufficient in terms of energy. But this rise of power of China may be detrimental to the plans of the US. International companies who would have helped China to set up shale gas were running with low revenues with decreased production and higher cost which led to cropping down their investments on projects initiated like the one in China. Chinas shale gas plan took a seat as for now. The impact that OPEC caused to its member states is damaging and destructive in all ways. OPECs member countries like Libya (FOCUS: Libya starts to rebuild its oil and gas industries, 2011) and Venezuela was affected by the decline in oil price which dampened their economy. In this regard it is inevitable to deny the role of the Non OPEC member states. (Peako il.com, 2015) The slump behavior of oil price would have long lasting impact on the non OPEC countries. It was expected to increase its production but at a slower pace which would cause the companies of the energy of North America to stop making profits. Policies that can be taken by the non OPEC member countries (The Globe and Mail, 2015) are discussed in the context of the US. US can utilize the favorable situation of low oil price and can make energy policy change and reforms like restricting the subsidies spent on fossil fuel, formulating new measures regarding efficiency, establish policies that are beneficial for the economy and attract a line of investors who would help to increase oil production relative to the OPEC in which the revenues can be increased. (Lax, 1983) (Theenergycollective.com, 2015) The countries like North America, regions of the former Soviet Union and the North Sea comprises the Non-OPEC countries which acquires about 60% of the worlds oil production. The International or investor-owned oil companies (IOCs) conducts the oil production in the Non-OPEC countries. It is generally regarded that the Non-OPEC countries are price-takers which means that cannot influence the price by adjusting the production. In this regard, the Non-OPEC countries can produce at full capacity (or have little spare capacity), considering ceteris paribus, low levels of Non-OPEC supply of oil in the market would exert an upward pressure on prices. Thus, the decline in the oil prices can be mitigated in this way where the total global supply of oil would decrease and this would accentuate the call on OPEC. The more the call on OPEC, the more is the rapid influence on the price by OPEC. Also the Non OPEC countries can disrupt their oil production which would reduce the oil supply globally ; this would hike the oil prices. (Eia.gov, 2015) The energy policies are highlighted by several member countries. In the context of decreasing lignite production, the Czech Republic has initiated State Energy Strategy. Germany on the other hand wishes to create awareness regarding the countrys energy policy by implementing progress annual reports. The Responsible Resource Development Plan which is introduced by Canada aims at attaining the government goals by reforming its regulatory system. Netherland initiated to preserve the national interest by introducing a relaxed procedure for the infrastructure of the energy sector. Sweden is depicting as a carbon free economy and plans to launch a fossil fuel free vehicle fleet by the year 2030 and also has focus on the taxation on carbon dioxide emission. USA had previously implemented Climate Action Plan with a view to cut down Green House Gas emission by reducing carbon pollution, initiating preparation regarding climate changes and establish international initiative to combat climate c hange on a global basis and get ready for the impacts. (Energy Policy Highlights, 2015) The implementation of the energy policies is not smooth as it has to face a lot of challenges and overcome them. It is necessary to consider the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and spatial planning, without which there can be complication regard the initiation of the project and policy. Again for smooth execution of the policies an expertise concerning the energy sector need to be involved in the decision making and policy making. In the absence of such expertise, the policy may have to face criticisms. Another challenge that the energy sector faces while preparing policies is that sometimes there is interference regarding the policy framing from the national level which are not welcomed by the local and regional governments. By this there can a clash within the economy and the implementation of the policies can be hampered. While formulating policies incomplete data regarding the international energy prices and consumption of energy in the households, transportation sector and the trading sectors can restrict the policy making process. Some measures can be taken to mitigate these problems. Some of which are appointing an energy expert to enhance the monitoring process, accumulation of accurate statistics by skilled personnel must be hired and measures should be taken to allow smooth coordination between EIA and spatial planning. (Oilandgasuk.co.uk, 2015) One of the complex challenges that the world is facing is the increasing demand for products and the corresponding supply which is the main factor that drives the direction of the situation of the global economy. This increased demand is derived from the increase in the world population and is expected to expand further. This will drive up the demand which the oil companies have to suffice by increasing their production. It is important for the OPEC to consider that economics powerhouses like in China and India are emerging which would create a threat to the other oil exporting nations. The evolution of such powerhouse would affect the demand and supply of oil and gas as they are expected to match up with the developed nations through the per capita energy use. There are also issues concerning environment and geopolitical strife that makes the challenges more complex. One of the far reaching problem faced by the sector is that inexperienced tech savvy fresher will replace the veteran industry worker which will have dual impact on the oil and gas production. (Batovic, 2014) In this regard, there are several other challenges that the oil and gas will have to face. One such problem is the access to the resources. It is estimated that around 80% of the resources of oil and gas are acquired by the National Oil Companies (NOCs) and some of the host governments and are not accessible by the International Oil Companies (IOCs). Another aspect that needs to be catered is the cost of services. The industry requires services in the field of engineering, drilling, constructions and procurement. These require a lot of monetary resources that will initiate huge projects. Not only that new machineries must be implemented for heavy production, what is required in this regard is the appointment of experienced and technically sound professionals that will have the ability to operate and execute the machineries. This would definitely increase the cost of production. Generally the cost of production can be covered up by increased sale or increased price of the product. Ass uming that the stability of the oil prices could never be predicted, hence it cannot be justified that the oil companies can earn revenues accruing to increase in the oil price by covering up the increased cost. (Smead, 2015) Another problem associated with the oil and gas industry is the introduction of new and advanced technologies. There are two sides to this technological upgradation. The first side is explained that there is an urgent need to modernize the sector and increase the rate of production as the population of the world is ever increasing which will increase demand for oil and gas. Another aspect to this advancement is that highly skilled professionals are to be hired who have the capability to run the machines and increase the overall productivity of the sector. All these would drive up the cost of the industry. (Solutions and , 2014) The oil and gas industries can combat the different challenges by setting up and executing production in the most cost effective way. The industry must increase its Barrels of oil equivalencies (BOEs) and Management of Change processes for enforcing safety at the personal level. The crucial mistake that the oil and gas industry is repeatedly committing is there business objective. The industry is busy analyzing the cost of the production of oil and implementing techniques to reduce such costs. The sector is unable to realize that such strategy is applicable and effective when the market conditions are narrow. In the current difficult business scenario the industry must focus on the supply of the assets and scrutinize their accessibility to available markets and ensuring that their presence in these markets are not short lived and they must not get into the price bidding war. Recently, we have seen that the oil prices are lower and the OPEC has out rightly refused to cut down its production aggravating the decreasing oil prices. But it does not necessarily mean that the global oil markets have a dark and gloomy future. The NON-OPEC countries can always mitigate this low oil price by disrupting their oil production and help the oil price to increase. It is the duty and responsibility of the producers and the organizations to implement and adopt policies and strategies that would help to capture and take the advantage of the upcoming reality. References Alramahi, M. (2015).International OIl and GAs Contracts and Deal making. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://unctad.org/en/docs/diaeiia20097a1_en.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Batovic, (2014).Five political risk factors affecting oil markets in 2014 - Global Risk Insights. [online] Global Risk Insights. Available at: https://globalriskinsights.com/2014/01/five-political-risk-factors-that-will-affect-oil-markets-in-2014/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Energy Policy Highlights. (2015). 1st ed. p.https://www.iea.org/. FOCUS: Libya starts to rebuild its oil and gas industries. (2011).Oil and Energy Trends, 36(10), pp.3-6. GLOBAL TRENDS IN OIL GAS MARKETS TO 2025. (2015). 1st ed. Kent, S. (2015).Falling Oil Prices to Soften Non-OPEC Oil Supply Growth. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/falling-oil-prices-to-reduce-supply-from-opec-members-1421322185 [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Lax, H. (1983).Political risk in the international oil and gas industry. Boston: International Human Resources Development Corp. Oilandgasuk.co.uk, (2015).Economics, Energy Policy and Gas - Oil Gas UK. [online] Available at: https://www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/economics.cfm [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Peakoil.com, (2015).IEA Sees Oil-Price Recovery; Cuts 2015 Non-OPEC Output Estimate |Peak Oil News and Message Boards. [online] Available at: https://peakoil.com/consumption/iea-sees-oil-price-recovery-cuts-2015-non-opec-output-estimate [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Smead, R. (2015). Low Oil Prices-Impact on Natural Gas and Associated Industries.Natural Gas Electricity, 31(8), pp.29-32. Solutions, C. and , V. (2014).Facing the Future: Challenges Ahead for the Oil Gas Industry. [online] Clover Global Solutions,LP - Clover One Worldà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚  . Available at: https://c1wsolutions.wordpress.com/2014/01/23/facing-the-future-challenges-ahead-for-the-oil-gas-industry-3/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Strategyand.pwc.com, (2015).2015 Oil and Gas Trends. [online] Available at: https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/perspectives/2015-oil-gas-trends [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. The Economist, (2014). Why the oil price is falling. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2014/12/economist-explains-4 [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. The Globe and Mail, (2015).Oils price slump may have lasting impact on non-OPEC countries. [online] Available at: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/oils-price-slump-to-have-lasting-impact-on-non-opec-countries/article22692415/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. THE MONTH IN BRIEF: Lower prices, more oil and some refineries find buyers. (2012).Oil and Energy Trends, 37(6), pp.6-7. Theenergycollective.com, (2015).Oil Price Drop and Effect Causes | The Energy Collective. [online] Available at: https://theenergycollective.com/jemillerep/2146151/are-declining-oil-prices-increasing-risks-opec-us-energy-security-or-clean-fuels- [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Eia.gov, (2015).Energy Financial Markets - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). [online] Available at: https://www.eia.gov/finance/markets/supply-nonopec.cfm [Accessed 2 Apr. 2015].

The Undisputed Truth About Academic Persuasive Essay Samples That the Experts Dont Want You to Know

The Undisputed Truth About Academic Persuasive Essay Samples That the Experts Don't Want You to Know It's simple to point out an essay that's been written solely for the interest of it. You might also see academic essay. The essay should have a little structure, unlike a normal essay. You could also see scholarship essay. You can also see persuasive speech. The very best persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. You might also see travel essay. You could also see college essay. An academic essay always must be relevant. Always bear in mind your academic essay ought to be playful it must not bore your audience. You can also see synthesis essay. Utilizing key words and concepts may also bridge paragraphs. Our typical essay examples are free while our custom essays can be bought at fair rates. In order to give an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is wise to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. Last, the price of getting an internet education is cheaper on average than receiving a conventional education. Writing an essay that explains what goals you would like to pursue in your upcoming career is a skill you are going to have to demonstrate a lot for a student. Back to the students, among the amazing benefits of on-line education is that learners can study at their own speed. Receiving an internet education is becoming increasingly more popular as a result of great number of advantages it has over traditional instruction. The PTE Academic exam is also the least expensive PTE test of English in the marketplace. Students must bear in mind 3 big differences. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. Academic Persuasive Essay Samples Options Essays are also superior subject matters in applying the proper planning tactics. Before writing any form of academic paper, it is very important to choose the subject, and the persuasive essay really isn't the exception. Buying persuasive essay is now this kind of simple task with reliable essay writing services appearing in the business! Persuasive essay examples can easily be available online, and you may consult them anytime once you lack inspiration or have very little idea of where to begin with your own paper. Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. It's important to get a way of organizing your long essay. So whether you're ordering your very first paper with us or your 10th, you'll discover yourself saving a good deal of money! The process for purchasing a customized essay is so simple. Anything you have to finish your paper quickly and qualitative. At first, the book is merely an assortment of pages with a cover. Don't forget to begin your essay strongit should have the capability to spark the interests of your readers. Going through sample essays would assist you in learning to recognize the suitable topic for you. At times, the best method to learn and understand new information is via seeing and understanding work which is already completed. So, education is an essential method of eradicating the unemployment issue. Though a totally free case of an essay can act as an extremely guide, the reality is that your professors generally assign work which expects you to incorporate course material or recent newspaper articles. A comprehensive argument As mentioned before, an argument does not need to be formal. Any superior task finishes with a fantastic conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. The motive of your essay is extremely important to be deemed as it can identify whether it's possible to be of help to the folks who want a specific educational reference.

Research Paper Topics For German History

Research Paper Topics For German HistoryResearch paper topics for German history can be difficult and frustrating at times. You need to try and look for papers that will allow you to write in the exact manner that you need to do.Most students will most likely struggle when it comes to writing in English. They tend to type in whatever they are comfortable with rather than truly think about what they are trying to say. There are ways that you can go about finding research paper topics for German history.Before you start looking for paper topics for German history, you should understand a few different things. First, you need to know that there are many different reasons why you may choose to focus on the past of a particular country. For example, you may want to write about the German WWI army.In other cases, you may be writing an essay about history, which can include literature involves people. By carefully looking at the paper topic you want to write, you can come up with some great examples that will allow you to write the exact way you need to.Another thing to keep in mind is that historical events and figures don't all have one event or another in common. This can make it even more difficult to write about. However, if you take the time to look at the historical event or figure you are writing about you will find many different perspectives that will help you to decide what you need to do to address the issue you are currently faced with.For many people, it is often easier to use online textbook options for research paper topics for German history. By using online sources you can rely on the same source that you are going to use to get your degree.Since you will not be able to ask your professor directly for help, it is important that you find a resource that you feel comfortable with. When you use online resources, you will be able to use the same language as everyone else. Therefore, it is very likely that you will be able to work with your professor as y ou would with someone from your college or university.A great idea when looking for research paper topics for German history is to look around for resources that you like and feel comfortable with. After you feel comfortable with the resources you choose, you can move on to looking for the perfect topic.

Key Pieces of Research Paper Psychology Topics

Key Pieces of Research Paper Psychology Topics You'll soon realize that thinking of some intriguing topics is simple, and can be learned in an issue of time. The list by no means offers all the available topics as there's a variety of questions which you can find in any of the approaches of psychology mentioned, so have a profound think what you'd love to write on. As a result of its focus on human behavior and mind from assorted perspectives, psychology is an amazingly intriguing field which could bring immense satisfaction and a deep comprehension of individuals. Utilize your curiosity as a way to find out more about the topic thoroughly and offer strong evidence for your claims. The Unexposed Secret of Research Paper Psychology Topics The last issue to share is a typical psychology essay topics list. You want to reveal the readers that you master of the subject and not a confused newbie who doesn't understand what he or she's referring to. As you start looking for psycholo gy essay topic ideas, the very first thing which you should think about is the guidelines for your essay given by your instructor. You have to write a minumum of one research paper in a semester for a lot of the subjects. You should select a procedure of your research. If you have decided on a broad subject, then you are going to have to do lots of research and background study. The next time you're searching for a research topic for your studies and would love to concentrate on health psychology, think about the suggestions that follow. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of normal student life. To compose a great research paper you will need to be confident in your argument. The title of your assignment automatically determines the research you are going to have to do to be able to be in a position to compose the paper. Psychology research paper is a typical assignment and source of several sleepless nights at college. Actually, professional journals are a terrific place to source content for your critique paper. Professional and academic journals are also an extraordinary place to discover materials for a critique paper. The better part of the psychology sub-fields are very broad, making researching on it extremely problematic. It is a very broad and diverse field of study, and you can find a variety of lists of possible topics for psychology essay papers online. Social psychology is an overall psychology branch that studies an individual's behavior in society. You're able to pick a topic from any social branch linked to psychology. Certainly, psychology is among the most intriguing branches of science out there. Development psychology is centered on the lifespan of human beings, so you've got several topics to pick from. Organizational psychology is just one of 14 recognized specialties in American expert psychology. If you've ever had to compose a paper for one of your psychology classes, then you likely know that choosing psychology paper topics can occasionally be tricky. There are several research paper topics as soon as it comes to psychological disorders which you can choose from. If you're a student of psychology, you'd be asked to select a specific topic for the last research paper. If you like science, you're guaranteed to talk non-stop about it. For instance, you might start with deciding that you wish to compose your paper on a topic within a particular branch of psychology. Your satirical article may make more brownie points with an acceptable name. Some others fall under the category of an overall website, much like an overall question website. After you've chosen an overall region, you can then narrow your paper topic down to something considerably more specific and manageable. Among the most exciting things about sports psychology is it is not only about athletes and coac hes. Because general psychology classes cover such a variety of topics, you have a huge range of subject ideas to select from. It is a wide sphere of knowledge and the writer has a great opportunity to choose among the great selection of ideas. Organizational psychology is quite a diverse area and is among the most fascinating facets of human resource administration. The Research Paper Psychology Topics Cover Up Psychology is such a wide subject, so you wish to locate a topic that permits you to adequately cover the subject without becoming overwhelmed with information. The search for a very good topic for your psychology essay can be quite frustrating should you not understand where to get started. The entire research should be constructed around or from the subject. To write an outstanding paper, you should thoroughly select your topic. You will probably find several intriguing topics which can be explored in greater detail. Detecting a topic for your study can be hard, but there are many great strategies to produce intriguing ideas.

Exam Essay

Exam EssayA sit practice test is a short writing examination that is given to students who do not feel ready to take the full-length exam. Typically, the sit practice test is only a few minutes long and usually administered in an anonymous setting.The exam is designed to help the teacher evaluate whether or not the student's time is spent on the subject and the quality of the written work. The student's test score is based on the information that he or she presents in their essay. The student's essay should meet the high standards of grammar and punctuation and be well-structured.Students are asked to present the personal strengths and weaknesses that will be important to their education. The exam will be graded by using an essay scoring scale. The student must present a coherent argument. The essay should be grammatically correct and provide evidence of the student's learning.Writing is an art, and the test will be given to assess one's ability to express thoughts clearly. It is exp ected that the student will have some experience in English composition prior to taking the test. With proper preparation and dedication, students should find that they do well on the test.Students will receive practice answers to their essay on the sit practice test. It is not necessary to prepare an essay prior to taking the test. Students can view a sample essay or ask their instructor for advice.Students may also ask their instructor for advice on what type of essay they should write. Students should ask their instructor for advice on how to format the essay to best suit their needs. The essay should be presented as if it were an actual assignment.The essay should provide evidence that the student has taken the time to become familiar with all of the materials and taken the time to really think about what they are saying. It should be interesting, but no one should expect a student to give the essay of a lifetime in just a few minutes.

hillary clinton Essays (1011 words) - Rhetorical Techniques

Hillary Rodham Clinton ? ?Woman?s Right are Human Rights? ?As an American, I want to speak for those women in my own country, women who are raising children on the minimum wage, women who can?t afford health care or child care, women whose lives are threatened by violence, including violence in their own homes.? (Para. 12) This was perhaps the strongest sentence in Hillary Clinton?s speech, Woman?s Right are Human Rights. There were times where women couldn?t go to school, couldn?t vote, and couldn?t do certain jobs. Hillary Clinton delivered a speech in which she wisely used rhetoric devices that left an effect of emphasis, and persuasion. Right off the bat, the students of English 10 who are able to notice rhetorical devices, can realize that this speech, is indeed a powerful one. Hillary Clinton?s speech, ?Woman?s Right are Human Rights?, leaves a powerful effect on her audience because she uses the rhetorical devices; parallelism, which creates an effect of making the author?s point clear, anaphora, which creates an effect of intensity and emphasis, and chiasmus, which creates the effect of spicing up the text. During the speech Women?s Rights are Human Rights, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton used multiple example of parallelism. The use of parallelism leaves an effect of clarity to the sentences, balance and rhythm, and it shows that all the ideas are expressed are equally important. An example of parallelism in the speech is, ?That is why every woman, every man, every child, every family, and every nation on this planet does have a stake in the discussion that takes place here.? (Para. 7) The use of parallels in this quote helps the argument, because using repetition shows that all the concepts are equally important. In the speech, Hillary Clinton repeats the word every after all the subjects, trying to show that women?s rights are just as important as human rights. Another example of parallelism is, ?As an American, I want to speak for those women in my own country, women who are raising children on the minimum wage, women who can?t afford health care or child care, and women whose lives are threatened by violence, including violence in their own homes.? (Para. 12) This quote relies on the use of parallelism to bring out the emphasis it holds. The emphasis lands on women, and what they go through.The last example of parallelism is, ?Speaking to you today, I speak for them, just as each of us speak for women around the world who are denied the chance to go to school, or see as doctor, or own property, or have a say about the direction of their lives, simply because they are women.? (Para. 14) In this case parallelism gives an effect of addition, hinting that there is more. She uses the word ?or?, before every detail that women are deprived off. This shows that women have been deprived if many task. The speech, Women?s Rights are Human Rights also include anaphoras. Anaphora is the repetition of a word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines. Anaphoras include parallelism because they repeat certain words and phrases as well, but at the beginning of a sentence or clause. It creates an effect of emphasis, intensity, and to get a message from the write to the reader. An example of an anaphora in the speech is, ?No one -- No one should be forced to remain silent for fear of religious or political persecution, arrest, abuse, or torture.? (Para. 16) The anaphora used in the sentence creates an effect of intensity and emphasis. Hillary Clinton wanted to emphasis that, No one should be forced to remain silent, so she repeated twice. Another anaphora that is used in the passage is, ?This is truly a celebration, a celebration of the contributions women make in every aspect of life: in the home, on the job, in the community, as mothers, wives, sisters, daughters, learners, workers, citizens, and leaders.? (Para. 2) The use of anaphora puts emphasis on the word celebration. At first we are not sure what is the celebration for, but when she repeats it she put emphasis on the word celebration, and clearly identifies

WWI-Comparison of German+French Soldiers experienc Essays

WWI-Comparison of German+French Soldiers experienc Essays WWI-Comparison of German+French Soldiers experiences History WWI-Comparison of German+French Soldiers experiences The first World War was a horrible experience for all sides involved. No one was immune to the effects of this global conflict and each country was affected in various ways. However, one area of relative comparison can be noted in the experiences of the French and German soldiers. In gaining a better understanding of the French experience, Wilfred Owen's Dulce et Decorum Est was particularly useful. Regarding the German soldier's experience, various selections from Erice Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front proved to be a valuable source of insight. A analysis of the above mentioned sources, one can note various similarities between the German and French armies during World War I in the areas of trench warfare, ill-fated troops, and military technology. Trench warfare was totally unbiased. The trench did not discriminate between cultures. This "new warfare" was unlike anything the world had seen before, millions of people died during a war that was supposed to be over in time for the holidays. Each side entrenched themselves in makeshift bunkers that attempted to provide protection from the incoming shells and brave soldiers. After receiving an order to overtake the enemies bunker, soldiers trounced their way through the land between the opposing armies that was referred to as "no man's land." The direness of the war was exemplified in a quotation taken from Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front, "Attacks alternate with counter-attacks and slowly the dead pile up in the field of craters between the trenches. We are able to bring in most of the wounded that do not lie too far off. But many have long to wait and we listen to them dying." (382) After years of this trench warfare, corpses of both German and French soldiers began to pile up and soldiers and civilians began to realize the futility of trench warfare. However, it was many years before any major thrusts were made along the Western front. As soldiers past away, recruits were ushered to the front to replenish the dead and crippled. These recruits were typically not well prepared for the rigors of war and were very often mowed down due to their stupidity. Both the French and Germans were guilty of sending ill-prepared youths to the front under the guise that "It is sweet and fitting to die for one's country." (380) Owen's Dulce et Decorum Est is a prime example of this "false optimism" created by the military machine in France to recruit eager new troops to die a hero's death on the front lines. Remarque also alluded to the fact incompetent young recruits were sentence to death. In reference to the young recruits Remarque stated, "It brings a lump into the throat to see how they go over, and run and fall. A man would like to spank them, they are so stupid, and to take them by the arm and lead them away from here where they have no business to be." (383) Millions of French and German soldiers, both young and old lost their lives during this world-wide struggle for survival. It is not necessary for one to go through an intense amount of abstraction in order to note similarities in the weaponry each side employed during the first World War. "Bombardment, barrage, curtain-fire, mines, gas, tanks, machine-guns, hand grenades" were all weapons that served the same purpose. (383) It did not matter if these weapons were in the hands of German or French soldiers, they all indiscriminately dealt death to the opposition. Gas was a particularly horrid creation. It would seeming spring out of the ground without much notice and if one did not seek the security of a gas mask, dreams would be smothered "under a green sea" and as one solider stated (in reference to those who were caught up in the pungent clouds of death) "He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning." (380) Typical sights for soldiers on any given day were "men without mouths, without jaws, without faces; we find one man who has held the artery of his arm in his teeth for two hours in order not to bleed to death. (384) The destructive weapons of war contributed to the massive amount of death neither the French nor German army could escape. Both the accounts looked at in this inquiry unveil a mass of similarities between German and French soldiers during the First World War. Based on Remarque's firsthand encounters with trench warfare in World War I and Owen's vivid descriptions