Organizational Structure and Culture Essay Example for Free

Organizational Structure and Culture Essay Authority structure within organizations is important for the oversight of delegated processes and expected outcomes. Without structure, chaos would impede support, communications, and vision development. Organizational designs vary according to the need of the organization to operate efficiently, to achieve goals, and to support the associates within the organization. The organizational structure style design helps lead the organization in successful endeavors (Sullivan Decker, 2009). Organizational History The history of an organization contributes to the design of the formal organizational structure.  The medical center has a tumultuous history. A new modern building was constructed in 2000 to replace an older structure. The local physicians had no input into the decision or design of the new facility. The organizational structure during that time was a strict parallel design. The physicians reported to the chief medical officer and the Board of Trustees. The physicians jointly decided not to support the new local hospital; the organization began to collapse. The medical center eventually fell into bankruptcy because of the lack of physician support, poor financial management, and unscrupulous use of organizational monies. The court system retained a reconstruction organization in an attempt to rebuild the local hospital. During the time of bankruptcy the parallel organizational structure remained in place, but with less authority of the medical governance branch. The main focus of the organizational structure was financial survival of the organization. An immediate change was needed for the improvement of the dangerously low morale of the health care associates The once country owned, bankrupted not-for-profit-hospital was bought and sold twice before stabilization began to be a possibility. A corporation purchased the hospital and changed it to a for-profit organization. There was very little resistance to the change because the organization had been surviving in chaos. According to Kurt Lewin’s three stage theory of change, the first phase, the unfreezing phase, is an important phase of change. Change is getting ready to happen during this phase. The health care associates of the medical center had been getting ready for change for a few years. The unfreezing phase requires the development of motivation. Motivation was the chance to prosper in a successful business venture while delivering quality care to the community (Kurt Lewin, 2012). Generational Culture The generational culture of the organization had a positive effect on the change. There was a common goal developed, the success of the organization. The generational similarities outnumber the generational differences. According Anick (2008), â€Å"The top reason for happiness in the workplace is the sense of feeling valued† (Table 2. Elements on which members of each generation are mostly similar). The traditional, baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y became involved in the decision making as the new organization structure formed. They shared ideas and offered suggestions for patient care improvement. Informal leaders began to emerge. During the refreezing phase, the stabilization became the norm. The differences in the generational culture became more apparent. More processes, greater accountability, and new required use of technology caused a feeling of less worth for the older generation of health care providers. The younger nurses seemed to adapt more quickly to new systems and techniques. Older nurses began to believe they were less important to the process. The informal leader roles changed. A new information system was installed and education was initiated. This led to more attention on the differences of the generational cultures. Much of the required education was completed on the computer. E-mail is essential for communication within the organization. Some of the traditional generation began to feel left behind. At the end of the first year, many of the health care providers who had survived the previous chaos succumbed to the new advancements and left the organization. Current Organizational Design The current organizational structure of the medical center is a matrix design. The upper administration consists of a chief nursing officer, chief financial officer, and an assistant administrator. This group reports directly to the chief executive officer. The chief executive officer reports to the Board of Trustees. The medical center consists of two distinct campuses, four on-site clinics, and one clinic located off campus. The upper administration is responsible for the organization. The matrix esign is complex and requires good interpersonal skills for dual managers. Each nursing unit has a nurse manager. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer regarding any patient care issues. The nurse managers of the behavioral health campus also report to the behavioral health program director for organizational issues. The physicians are under the organizational umbrella for operational regulations but report to the chief medical officer regarding medical patient care. The resource manager has a dual reporting line to the chief nursing officer and the chief financial officer. The matrix requires frequent communication between the dual authorities. Non-management views the frequent meetings as meetings about meetings (Sullivan Decker, 2009) Formal lines of reporting are evident within the organization. The nurse managers report to the chief nursing officer. Managers of departments involving financial business of the hospital report to the chief financial officer. Ancillary and support services report to the assistant administrator. The compliance officer, the pharmacy director and the behavioral health program director report directly to the chief executive officer. The formal lines of reporting are used for recognition of associates, disciplinary offenses, and arbitration of challenges between departments. Patient-Centered Care Environment The organization is creating an environment for client-centered care by the development of a nursing leadership council consisting of direct care providers. The council membership includes seven registered nurses from nursing units with day and night shift representation. The nursing council interviews associates and patients, observes processes, and reports findings to the council. Changes in nursing processes are approved through the nursing council with final approval by the chief nursing officer. The council members were selected using predetermined criteria. The informal leaders of individual departments were chosen for their job performances and their proven leadership skills. The shared governance gives ownership of patient care to the frontline caregivers (Hess, 2004). Organizational Communication Various communication methods are used within the organization. Formal, time sensitive communications are delivered face-to-face or by technology. E-mail and web conferencing are the most frequent used methods for upper administration. Both methods allow quick responses between the communicators. Upper-level management processes the information and decides the best delivery method to the next lower-level management, depending on the subject matter and the expected time frames. Middle management associates attend leadership meetings every two weeks. Management communicates organizational status through these meetings. Plans for future projects are discussed during the leadership meetings. Middle management has e-mail accounts and receives electronic communications on changes. Middle management holds departmental meetings at least monthly to distribute information to the direct care providers. Upper-level management holds open meetings for the direct care providers each quarter. The meetings focus on current organizational trends and plans. Direct care providers ask questions and make suggestions for improvement during the open meetings. Communication boards are placed in strategic areas through the work areas. Information is placed on the communication boards and updated weekly. Questions frequently come from the information from the boards. Conclusion The organizational structure can be descriptive of the culture of the organization. A ridged authoritarian organizational structure defines an organization that does not allow the frontline workers to participate in decisions that affect the organization. The matrix organizational design requires open communication between the leaders of the organization. Added shared governance from the frontline creates more awareness is put on the quality and delivery of the product. Organizational structures vary and are representative of the leadership within.

Death Row and Women :: Feminism Law Culture Essays

Death Row and Women In Hamurabi Law, if someone is accused of murder they must take a leap into the closest river. If the accused drowns, the accuser shall take possession of his house. If the accused emerges unhurt, then the accuser is put to death and his house is given as compensation to the accused. While the system of capital punishment in the United States is not quite as random, it has its own problems that can oftentimes cross the fine line between arbitrary and absurd. The discrepancy between white and colored male inmates is often the subject of debate regarding this issue, and while that subject certainly does deserve notice, little attention is paid to women as a group on death row. It is interesting to explore how society represents and identifies with women on death row in a completely different manner than men or even other minority groups, even though they face similar discriminations in other facets of life. Why is it that we are able to see females not as killers, but first as women o r mothers? Our preconceived conceptions of â€Å"motherhood† and â€Å"womanhood† make a great difference in how we perceive female criminals, and in certain cases can be the difference between life and death. According to statistics from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, of the 455 criminals on death row in the state only 7 of them are women . This should tip us off to the manner in which we treat female criminals, even in the most pro-death penalty state in the country. Overall, women account for one in eight of people arrested for murder in America, but this ratio sinks to only one in seventy people currently on death row . This discrepancy must be a direct result of something, and is most probably attributed to society’s perception of women that place these female criminals as women first, killers second. â€Å"It’s a reflection of society’s view that women are less prone to evil than men are†, claims Jenni Gainsborough of the ACLU National Prison Project. We also seem to feel sorrier for women than we do men, and assume that if a woman has committed a crime it is because she has faced abuse in the past (usually inflicted by a man). This is true to s ome extent as it is claimed that 95% of women in prison were victims of abuse , but the point is that we generally stress the importance of female abuse while oftentimes neglecting abuse endured by their male counterparts.

Have people become overly dependently on technology Essay

A lot of people will deny the fact that technology isn’t a dependency. Technology realistically is something our generation believes we cannot live without. Even though technology benefits our lives greatly, sometimes it’s too much. Technology governs us from the moment we wake up, with an alarm, to the moment we want to lay down and relax, with some television. For example the moments I have forgotten my phone at home I feel a sense of emptiness, I even feel imaginary vibrations from time to time. Read more:  Dependent on Technology Essay â€Å"I’ll just Google it†. I can’t even begin to count how many times I’ve heard people say that phrase. It’s such a convenience to type something in our phone or computer and in seconds get the answer we were looking for. Before you would have to actually find a library and read on the subject now it’s just a click away. Technology to me is like a crutch on learning. I have friends that don’t even pay attention in class or do anything in school and when you ask them about home work their answer is ill just Google it when I get home. Our generation has become boring in a sense. Our idea of fun is texting, tweeting, posting and editing pictures. Very rarely do you see anyone out playing a sport or actually interacting as a group, except maybe in a club and even with that you see them detached from society and on their phone. Also, dating is done now days on a computer. I can’t begin to name how many sites there are to find a partner. Good morning texts are a sign of being â€Å"romantic† in our generation, there is no such thing as an actual loving gesture. You don’t get to know someone anymore by going out on dates or talking face to face now all the interaction is done by texting, when you actually get to see the person you read all you need to know because of the constant texting. If you give me and address and I don’t have my cell phone with my GPS I will never get to where I have to be. Almost no one now days can get from one point to the other without a GPS. Unlike our generation, my mother’s generation for explain, you can give them an address and most of them will  know how to get to the address with no problem. They did not need to depend on technology. After my research on this topic it’s become very, but very clear that our generation definitely lets technology run their lives. Imagine something happens and all technology was terminated, I don’t know where we would put our self with the dependency we have with our phones, computers, GPS, and televisions. Yes, technology make life easier and faster but sometimes easier and faster isn’t the best thing.

Of The Plaid Prohibition And A Motley Bunch Of Other Factions

B rotzmanskrieg, from as early as when the Underground and the RGA were considered as the only contenders, was justified through the prospect of accumulating what wealthy spoils could be taken from the opposition. Though it remained as an ideological war over the question of whether the works of the Wise Man was of benefit to the Underground, prior to the formation of the RGA, the introduction of the Plaid Prohibition and a motley bunch of other factions with differing viewpoints and ideals changed both the RGA and the Underground’s approach to Brotzmanskrieg. Factional control of a holding for the sake of mounting future evangelization efforts was just not enough. In essence, the amount of success attained by any of the factions was based†¦show more content†¦Despite not having as much stressed importance to the factions, insofar as they were emphasized before the School Year of the Steamroller, secondary aspects within Brotzmanskrieg proved to have a strategic value unique to their own circumstances. The most important were the ACP (Anomaly Causing Phenomena) sites and their resulting spawn of Anomalies, whether for gain or for denial of access (in the case of the Ostracized), the privilege (if applicable) for the factions to spread their respective faiths, and the opportunity of uninterrupted logistics provided by the Teleport Anomaly and the much later Teleportation Transponder. Lesser valued ones were the Caravaneer trade routes that expanded nationwide since the Great Leaps Westward, the backing of the Dweller cities and technical oriented minor powers, and the colleges and universities. Since not all factions shared the same view on the strategic value of the aforementioned secondary aspects, as a result these aspects of Brotzmanskrieg were to be seen as being secondary to control of the local Jackbooter trade, but were still nonetheless have its own importance in measuring success or even defeat. Even though being weighed as having the least amount of strategic value, in

7 Things to Do the Summer Before Starting Graduate School

Starting graduate school this fall? Like most soon-to-be grad students you’re probably both excited and anxious for classes to begin. What should you do between now and the beginning of your first semester as a graduate student? Relax Although you may be tempted to read ahead and get an early start on your studies, you should make time to relax. You’ve spent years working to get through college and make it into graduate school. You’re about to spend more years in graduate school and face more challenges and higher expectations than you encountered in college. Avoid burnout before the semester even begins. Take time off to relax or you may find yourself fried by October. Try Not to Work This may not be possible for most students, but remember that is the last summer that you will be free from academic responsibilities. Graduate students work during the summer. They do research, work with their advisor, and perhaps teach summer classes. If you can, take the summer off from work. Or at least cut back on your hours. If you must work, make as much downtime as you can. Consider leaving your job, or if you plan to continue working during the school year, consider taking a vacation two to three weeks before the semester starts. Do whatever is necessary to begin the semester refreshed rather than burned out. Read for Fun Come fall, you’ll have little to no time to read for pleasure. When you have some time off, you’ll probably find that you don’t want to read as that’s how you’ll spend large chunks of your time. Get to Know Your New City If you are moving to attend grad school, consider moving earlier in the summer. Give yourself time to learn about your new home. Discover grocery stores, banks, places to eat, study, and where to grab coffee. Get comfortable in your new home before the whirlwind start of the semester. Something as simple as having all of your belongings stored away and being able to easily find them will reduce your stress and make it easier to start fresh. Get to Know Your Classmates Most incoming cohorts of graduate students have some means of getting in contact with each other, whether through an email list, Facebook group, LinkedIn group, or some other means. Take advantages of these opportunities, should they arise. Interactions with your classmates are an important part of your grad school experience. You’ll study together, collaborate on research, and eventually be professional contacts after graduation. These personal and professional relationships can last your entire career. Clean up Your Social Profiles If you haven’t done so prior to applying to graduate school, make some time to review your social media profiles. Are they set to Private? Do they present you in a positive, professional light? Ditch the college partying pics and posts with profanity. Clean up your Twitter profile and tweets as well. Anyone who works with you is likely to Google you. Don’t let them find material that makes them question your judgment. Keep Your Mind Agile: Prep a Little The key word is little. Read a few of your advisor’s papers—not everything. If you haven’t been matched with an advisor, read a bit about faculty members whose work interests you. Do not burn yourself out. Read a little simply to keep your mind active. Do not study. Also, keep an eye out for topics that interest you. Note a stimulating newspaper article or website. Don’t try to come up with a thesis, but simply note topics and ideas that intrigue you. Once the semester starts and you make contact with an advisor, you can sort through your ideas. Over the summer your goal should simply be to remain an active thinker. Overall, consider the summer before graduate school as a time to recharge and rest. Emotionally and mentally prepare yourself for the amazing experience to come. There will be plenty of time to work and you’ll face many responsibilities and expectations once graduate school begins. Take as much time off as you can—and have fun.

An Assessment Into The Bankruptcy Examiners Report...

The purpose of this memo is to provide an assessment into the Bankruptcy Examiner’s report regarding the risk management failure as it relates to Leman Brothers. The fundamental reason for the failure is based on the change in corporate strategy of 2006 in which Lehman decided to shift from a â€Å"moving† or securitization business to a â€Å"storage’ business, with the firm making and holding longer-term, risk investments. This â€Å"strategic positioning† was fully supported by the board, although the chief risk officer and certain senior risk management executives had expressed concerns about the extent of the change to the firm’s â€Å"risk appetite.† Strategy Impact: While investment banks are in the business of taking calculated risks they must consider risk within the firms’ risk appetite. In March 2006 Lehman Brothers adopted a new business strategy to grow its proprietary business from a lower risk brokerage model to a higher risk, capital†intensive banking model with a focus on expanding three specific areas of principal investment: commercial real estate, leveraged loans and private equity businesses to consume more capital. This strategy was risky due to the firm’s high leverage and small equity. This impacted their risk taking significantly because this strategy was generally riskier and more illiquid than their traditional lines of business. â€Å"As some Lehman officers described it, Lehman shifted from focusing almost exclusively on the â€Å"moving†business – a business strategy ofShow MoreRelatedThe Solution of New Century Financial Corporation9605 Words   |  39 Pagessuch companies as Budweiser and American Family Publishing. HAI LÚA’s fifty-year-plus career in television made him one of the most rec- ognized celebrities in that medium. Understandably then, the American public was shocked when press reports in June 2007 revealed that HAI LÚA was more than $600,000 past due on his home mortgage payments. The $5 million mort- gage on HAI LÚA’s Beverly Hills mansion was held by Countr ywide Financial Corporation. Unfortunately, millions of everydayRead MoreThe Solution of New Century Financial Corporation9616 Words   |  39 Pagessuch companies as Budweiser and American Family Publishing. HAI LÚA’s fifty-year-plus career in television made him one of the most rec- ognized celebrities in that medium. Understandably then, the American public was shocked when press reports in June 2007 revealed that HAI LÚA was more than $600,000 past due on his home mortgage payments. The $5 million mort- gage on HAI LÚA’s Beverly Hills mansion was held by Countr ywide Financial Corporation. Unfortunately, millions of everydayRead MorePhar Mor Case8496 Words   |  34 Pagesover $1 billion in losses, and caused the bankruptcy of the twenty-eighth largest private company in the United States. The massive accounting fraud went largely undetected for nearly six years. Several members of top management confessed to, and were convicted of, financial-statement fraud. Former members of Phar-Mor management were collectively fined over $1 million, and two former Phar-Mor management employees received prison sentences. Phar-Mors management, as well as Phar-Mor creditors and investors

Masks In The Twelfth Night Essay Example For Students

Masks In The Twelfth Night Essay In Ir?ne, Voltaire wrote, ?Shakespeare is a savage with sparks of genius which shine in dreadful darkness of night.? One of Shakespeares sparks of genius was in his use of masks. These masks put characters in a sort of ?darkness of night,? allowing them to become someone else. They are used for imagery, so one can discover who a person is?the inside of the mask. Masks are used throughout Shakespeares Twelfth Night to reveal characters true emotions, to carry the story and explain things to the reader, and to express the power of raw beauty. Shakespeare uses this imagery of a mask in many of his characters in the play, but mostly in two: Viola and Feste. Throughout the play the masks help the plot along. At the end, all masks are discarded for a great finale. The perfect example of the use of masking imagery can be seen in Feste the jester. In the play, Feste shows his many personalities in the disguise of masks. Acting as a wise man contrary to his role of the fool, Feste develops one mask. He tries to ?conceal for what is? (I.ii.52) because he knows that if the people realize his intelligence, he will not be called upon to work. These songs Feste sings serve as symbols of a well-formed conscience. People would stop coming to him for this sound advice he gives. Feste demonstrates a strong example of masking imagery because he shows what the play might be without masks. Later, the ?devil man? (IV.ii. 122) in him surfaces when talking to Malvolio. This is a mask because not only is Feste intelligent, not only is he a fool, he is also conniving. These masks appear all over the play, developing from scene to scene. Feste plays the role of a chameleon; changing masks to become what the necessary character for the given situation. Feste acts as ?an ass? (V.i.16) for his acquaintances. This pleases the people and allows Shakespeare to say outrageous but true things that no other character would say. Although characters wear masks, their true identities are always revealed. Feste says, ?Eyes show days?(II.iii.94). He demonstrates that one can remove a mask just as easily as one can put a mask on. Shakespeare develops all these different masks. Some are used only once or twice; others are used for nearly the duration of the play. Near the opening of the play, when Viola adopts her male identity, she creates another self, like two masks. She may decide to wear one or the other while swinging between the two identities in emotion and in character. She decides to take on this identity because she has more freedom in society in her Cesario mask, which is evident when Orsino accepts her, whereas, in her female identity she would not be. The mask of Cesario develops throughout the play. Violas mask pulls the comedy together. First, Violas mask serves her in getting a job to get back on her feet after nearly drowning. This mask helps other people too. The mask gets Olivia back on her feet. She escapes the mourning of her dead brother. Olivia realizes she has something to live for after seeing Cesarios mask. Falling in love with the male version of Viola works out well. The mask turns out to be a replica of something that does exist. Sebastian is there, married to Olivia, when all masks are removed. The mask, growing on Viola, shows importance all over the play. It continues to develop, and this leaves the reader an even more omniscient point of view. While Olivia, Sir Toby, and Sir Andrew are clueless as to what is going on, we know about the masks. Shakespeare wanted his readers to stand by and laugh. .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 , .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .postImageUrl , .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 , .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37:hover , .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37:visited , .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37:active { border:0!important; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37:active , .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37 .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b47f78125a8780cc46ab15a497aff37:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: voting Essay Viola plays the right person at every point in the story to make a happy ending. She removes her mask at the perfect moment. Being both a ?maid? (V.i. 267) and a ?gentleman? (V.i.269) makes this plot what it is. She carries out the functions of both genders, and she is judged from both. The masks deceive. Thinking that Viola is a man, even her brother Sebastian is confused about Violas true identity. She makes her brother think he doesnt ?know by voice or any other feature.?(III. IV.325) This shows that she can fool even the closest of kin thorough the mask. At the end of the play, when all tricks and treacheries are revealed and all masks are lifted, Orsino falls in love with Viola. He first forgives her of her duty to him then says that she shall be her masters mistress as soon as she completely reverts to her female form. The imagery of masks in this play proves to be very well developed in both Feste and Viola. Developing the imagery created by the mask helps to make the whole play more understandable to the reader. Each mask is well developed and has a definite meaning to the reader. Masks are used to conform to ones own needs or to the needs of others, just as in real life. In the book, masks are used to hide something. Everyone eventually came out from that hiding. With masks removed, quality of life improved in the end and everyone became happy. Masks added a lot to Twelfth Night, but Shakespeare was trying to show his readers how much better the world could be if people took off masks. Shakespeare Essays